Introduction
Detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA) is a separation technique used by a variety of laboratories involved in the petrochemical industry for analysis and identification of individual components as well as for bulk hydrocarbon characterisation of a particular sample. Bulk analysis looks at gasoline composition in terms of PONA components (Paraffins, Olefins, Naphthalenes and Aromatics) and other fuels in the C1-C13 range since this gives an indication of overall quality of the sample.
The analysis of gasoline for spark ignition components is essential for quality control. Owing to the complex nature of gasoline samples, good resolution between eluents is required and therefore a long column is used (typically 100m). Several methods are routinely used for DHA which differ in their oven temperature ramp rates or in the length of column used. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages since some improve peak resolution of low boiling compounds whereas others provide better resolution of heavier compounds at the end of the chromatogram. The complex nature of the methodology coupled with the use of such a long column means that run times can easily exceed 120 minutes when using helium carrier gas. However, the use of hydrogen can vastly increase run rates because of its efficiency at higher linear velocities. This is a particularly attractive prospect for oil analysis laboratories since faster throughput of sample means increased profitability. The benefits of using hydrogen in terms of improved chromatography combined with the increasing cost of helium along with supply issues means that laboratories switching from helium to hydrogen can become much more profitable whilst maintaining standards of analysis that conform to industry standards.
This application note demonstrates a comparison of gasoline analysis using helium carrier gas following ASTM method D67291 and the use of unfiltered hydrogen carrier gas produced by a Peak Scientific Precision Trace hydrogen generator in DHA following ASTM method D6729 appendix X22 and demonstrates the improvement in run time whilst maintaining crucial separations between certain components.
Results and discussion
Detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasoline showed that the elution time of the last compound in the mixture, n-Pentadecane, could be reduced from 125 minutes to less than 74 minutes by switching carrier gas from helium to hydrogen (figure 1). Despite the difference in analysis times, the PONA analysis showed that quantitative differences were not significantly different when using either carrier gas (table 1).
Table 1: Conditions of GC analysis of gasoline using hydrogen or helium carrier gas.
Figure 1: Comparison of DHA of total gasoline sample using hydrogen and helium.>> Download the full Application Note as PDF
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