App Notes

As the harmful effects of low-level exposure to hazardous organic air pollutants become more evident, there is constant pressure to improve the detection limits of indoor and ambient air monitoring methods

The introduction of recent legislation, such as the EU Environmental Liabilities Directive 2004/35/EC, has encouraged the development of precise and robust analytical systems for identifying pollutants.

Exposure to air pollutants has for many years been recognised as a major cause of health problems.

Aroma profiles of food contain a wide variety of components at a range of concentrations.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOF MS) offers greatly enhanced peak capacity

The introduction of environmental legislation, such as the EU Water Framework Directive, has enhanced the requirement for confident identification of contaminants in water.

In most areas of drug discovery & development, drug metabolism, and for degradation studies such as pharmaceuticals and environmental pollutants, there is a severe need for reference materials

The knowledge of the metabolic pathways and the biotransformation of new drugs are crucial for elucidation of degradation routes of the new active compounds, especially in the area of possible toxicity.

Reduction of disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins prior to MS analysis is done for several reasons.

Efficient and fast separation for low molar mass polymers and proteins can be achieved using a combination of micro columns packed with smaller particles and optimized detectors.