Objective:

To validate a bar adsorptive microextraction (BAµE) workflow for the qualitative confirmation of cocaine and its metabolites in human urine.

Approach:

• Sample Preparation: BAµE uses a small coated bar to selectively retain target analytes from urine samples, optimizing extraction conditions and reducing solvent use.
• Method Validation: Validation was conducted against World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) criteria, ensuring no false positives or negatives.
• Comparison with Existing Methods: The BAµE workflow was compared with traditional solid-phase extraction/GC-MS methods, demonstrating improved selectivity and sensitivity.

Key Findings:

• The BAµE method met WADA identification limits, including 1.0 ng/mL for cocaine.
• No false positives were found in blank urine samples, and no false negatives in spiked samples.
• Final extracts remained stable for up to 144 hours.

Interpretation:

Limitations:

• The extraction step takes two hours, making it less suitable for high-throughput screening.
• The method is currently validated only for cocaine and its metabolites.

Conclusion: